# dokumentasi Django 2.0.8

# Pemasangan GeoDjango

## Ikhtisar

Secara umum, pemasangan GeoDjango membutuhkan:

1. Python dan Django
2. Basisdata spasial
3. Memasang pustaka Geospatial

Rincian untuk setiap dari persyaratan dan petunjuk pemasangan disediakan di bagian dibawah. Sebagai tambahan, petunjuk khusus-serambi tersedia untuk:

- macOS
- Windows

Gunakan Sumber

Karena GeoDjango mengambil keuntungan dari terkahir di teknologi perangkat lunak geospasial sumber terbuka, versi terakhir dari pustaka dibutuhkan. Jika paket biner tidak tersedia di serambi anda, pemasangan dari sumber mungkin dibutuhkan. Ketika menyusun pustaka dari sumber, harap ikuti petunjuk dengan teliti, khususnya jika anda adalah seorang pemula.

## Persyaratan

### Python dan Django

Because GeoDjango is included with Django, please refer to Django's installation instructions for details on how to install.

### Basisdata spasial

PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL (mostly with MyISAM engine), Oracle, and SQLite (with SpatiaLite) are the spatial databases currently supported.

Catatan

PostGIS is recommended, because it is the most mature and feature-rich open source spatial database.

The geospatial libraries required for a GeoDjango installation depends on the spatial database used. The following lists the library requirements, supported versions, and any notes for each of the supported database backends:

Basisdata | Persyaratan Pustaka | Versi Didukung | Catatan
--- | --- | --- | ---
PostgreSQL | GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, PostGIS | 9.3+ | Membutuhkan PostGIS.
MySQL | GEOS, GDAL | 5.5+ | Not OGC-compliant; limited functionality.
Oracle | GEOS, GDAL | 12.1+ | XE tidak didukung.
SQLite | GEOS, GDAL, PROJ.4, SpatiaLite | 3.6.+ | Membutuhkan SpatiaLite 4.0+

Lihat juga `this comparison matrix`__ pada Wiki OSGeo untuk PostgreSQL/PostGIS/GEOS/GDAL kemungkinan perpaduan.

## Pemasangan

### Pustaka geospasial

- Memasang pustaka Geospatial

### Pemasangan basisdata

- Memasang PostGIS
- Memasang SpatiaLite

### `DATABASES` configuration

Set the `ENGINE` setting to one of the spatial backends.

### Tambah `django.contrib.gis` ke `INSTALLED_APPS`

Like other Django contrib applications, you will only need to add `django.contrib.gis` to `INSTALLED_APPS` in your settings. This is so that the `gis` templates can be located -- if not done, then features such as the geographic admin or KML sitemaps will not function properly.

## Menyelesaikan masalah

Jika anda tidak dapat menemukan pemecahan padamasalah anda disini lalu ikut serta di komunitas! Anda dapat:

- Join the `#geodjango` IRC channel on Freenode. Please be patient and polite -- while you may not get an immediate response, someone will attempt to answer your question as soon as they see it.
- Tanyakan pertanyaan anda pada daftar penyuratan `GeoDjango`__.
- Arsipkan sebuah tiket pada `Django trac`__ jika anda beripikir ada kesalahan. Pastikan anda menyediakan gambaran lenglap dari masalah, versi yang digunakan, dan tentukan komponen sebagai "GIS".

### Pustaka pengaturan lingkungan

By far, the most common problem when installing GeoDjango is that the external shared libraries (e.g., for GEOS and GDAL) cannot be located. [1] Typically, the cause of this problem is that the operating system isn't aware of the directory where the libraries built from source were installed.

In general, the library path may be set on a per-user basis by setting an environment variable, or by configuring the library path for the entire system.

#### Variabel lingkungan `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`

A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths they want to use. The typical library directory for software built from source is `/usr/local/lib`. Thus, `/usr/local/lib` needs to be included in the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` variable. For example, the user could place the following in their bash profile:

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

#### Menyetel jalur pustakan sistem

On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in `/etc/ld.so.conf`, which may include additional paths from files in another directory, such as `/etc/ld.so.conf.d`. As the root user, add the custom library path (like `/usr/local/lib`) on a new line in `ld.so.conf`. This is one example of how to do so:

    $ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
    $ sudo ldconfig

For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the `crle` utility. Run `crle` with no options to see the current configuration and use `crle -l` to set with the new library path. Be very careful when modifying the system library path:

    # crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib

#### Pasang `binutils`

GeoDjango uses the `find_library` function (from the `ctypes.util` Python module) to discover libraries. The `find_library` routine uses a program called `objdump` (part of the `binutils` package) to verify a shared library on GNU/Linux systems. Thus, if `binutils` is not installed on your Linux system then Python's ctypes may not be able to find your library even if your library path is set correctly and geospatial libraries were built perfectly.

The `binutils` package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the following command:

    $ sudo apt-get install binutils

Mirip, pada sistem Red Hat dan CentOS:

    $ sudo yum install binutils

## Petunjuk khusus-serambi

### macOS

Because of the variety of packaging systems available for macOS, users have several different options for installing GeoDjango. These options are:

- Postgres.app (paling mudah dan dianjurkan)
- Homebrew
- Paket KyngChaos
- Fink
- MacPorts
- Membangun dari sumber

This section also includes instructions for installing an upgraded version of Python from packages provided by the Python Software Foundation, however, this is not required.

#### Python

Although macOS comes with Python installed, users can use `framework installers`__ provided by the Python Software Foundation. An advantage to using the installer is that macOS's Python will remain "pristine" for internal operating system use.

Catatan

You will need to modify the `PATH` environment variable in your `.profile` file so that the new version of Python is used when `python` is entered at the command-line:

    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:$PATH

#### Postgres.app

Postgres.app is a standalone PostgreSQL server that includes the PostGIS extension. You will also need to install `gdal` and `libgeoip` with Homebrew.

Setelah memasang Postgres.app, tambah berikut ke `.bash_profile` anda sehingga anda dapat menjalankan progam paket dari baris-perintah. Ganti `X.Y` dengan versi PostgreSQL di Postgres.app anda pasang:

    export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/X.Y/bin

Anda dapat memeriksa jalur disetel dengan benar dengan mengetik `which psql` pada terminal prompt.

#### Homebrew

`Homebrew`__ provides "recipes" for building binaries and packages from source. It provides recipes for the GeoDjango prerequisites on Macintosh computers running macOS. Because Homebrew still builds the software from source, Xcode is required.

Ringkasan:

    $ brew install postgresql
    $ brew install postgis
    $ brew install gdal
    $ brew install libgeoip

#### Paket KyngChaos

William Kyngesburye provides a number of `geospatial library binary packages`__ that make it simple to get GeoDjango installed on macOS without compiling them from source. However, Xcode is still necessary for compiling the Python database adapters psycopg2 (for PostGIS).

Catatan

SpatiaLite users should consult the Petunjuk-petunjuk khusus-macOS section after installing the packages for additional instructions.

Unduh paket kerangka untuk:

- UnixImageIO
- PROJ
- GEOS
- SQLite3 (menyertakan pustaka SpatiaLite)
- GDAL

Memasang paket-paket di urutan mereka terdaftar diatas, seperti paket GDAL dan SQLite membutuhkan paket-paket terdaftar sebelum mereka.

Setelah itu, anda dapat juga memasang paket biner KyngChaos untuk PostgreSQL and PostGIS`__.

After installing the binary packages, you'll want to add the following to your `.profile` to be able to run the package programs from the command-line:

    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/UnixImageIO.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/PROJ.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GEOS.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/SQLite3.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Programs:$PATH
    export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH

##### psycopg2

After you've installed the KyngChaos binaries and modified your `PATH`, as described above, `psycopg2` may be installed using the following command:

    $ pip install psycopg2

Catatan

If you don't have `pip`, follow the installation instructions to install it.

##### Fink

`Kurt Schwehr`__ has been gracious enough to create GeoDjango packages for users of the `Fink`__ package system. `Different packages are available`__ (starting with `django-gis`), depending on which version of Python you want to use.

#### MacPorts

`MacPorts`__ may be used to install GeoDjango prerequisites on computers running macOS. Because MacPorts still builds the software from source, Xcode is required.

Ringkasan:

    $ sudo port install postgresql93-server
    $ sudo port install geos
    $ sudo port install proj
    $ sudo port install postgis
    $ sudo port install gdal +geos
    $ sudo port install libgeoip

Catatan

You will also have to modify the `PATH` in your `.profile` so that the MacPorts programs are accessible from the command-line:

    export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib/postgresql93/bin

In addition, add the `DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH` setting so that the libraries can be found by Python:

    export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/lib/postgresql93

### Windows

Proceed through the following sections sequentially in order to install GeoDjango on Windows.

#### Python

Install Python.

#### PostgreSQL

Pertama, unduh `PostgreSQL 9.x installer`__ terakhir dari situs jaringan `EnterpriseDB`__. Setelah mengunduh, cukup jalankan pemasang, ikuti arahan layar, dan jaga pilihan awal kecuali kalau anda mengetahui konsekuensi merubah mereka.

Catatan

Pemasang PostgreSQL membuat kedua pengguna Windows baru menjadi 'postgres service account' dan superuser basisdata `postgres`. Anda akan diarahkan sekali untuk menyetel sandi untuk kedua akun -- pastikan untuk mengingatnya!

Ketika pemasang lengkap, dia akan menanyakan untuk meluncurkan Application Stack Builder (ASB) pada keluar -- jaga ini tercentang, seperti dia diperlukan untuk memasang install PostGIS.

Catatan

Jika berhasil terpasang, peladen PostgreSQL akan berjalan dalam latar belakang setiap kali sistem dimulai sebagai layanan Window. Sebuah kelompok menu mulai PostgreSQL 9.x akan dibuat dan mengandung jalan pintas untuk ASB dan juga 'SQL Shell', yang akan meluncurkan jendela perintah `psql`.

#### PostGIS

From within the Application Stack Builder (to run outside of the installer, Start ‣ Programs ‣ PostgreSQL 9.x), select PostgreSQL Database Server 9.x on port 5432 from the drop down menu. Next, expand the Categories ‣ Spatial Extensions menu tree and select PostGIS X.Y for PostgreSQL 9.x.

After clicking next, you will be prompted to select your mirror, PostGIS will be downloaded, and the PostGIS installer will begin. Select only the default options during install (e.g., do not uncheck the option to create a default PostGIS database).

Catatan

You will be prompted to enter your `postgres` database superuser password in the 'Database Connection Information' dialog.

#### psycopg2

The `psycopg2` Python module provides the interface between Python and the PostgreSQL database. Download the latest `Windows installer`__ for your version of Python and PostgreSQL and run using the default settings. [2]

#### OSGeo4W

The OSGeo4W installer makes it simple to install the PROJ.4, GDAL, and GEOS libraries required by GeoDjango. First, download the OSGeo4W installer, and run it. Select Express Web-GIS Install and click next. In the 'Select Packages' list, ensure that GDAL is selected; MapServer and Apache are also enabled by default, but are not required by GeoDjango and may be unchecked safely. After clicking next, the packages will be automatically downloaded and installed, after which you may exit the installer.

#### Merubah lingkungan Windows

In order to use GeoDjango, you will need to add your Python and OSGeo4W directories to your Windows system `Path`, as well as create `GDAL_DATA` and `PROJ_LIB` environment variables. The following set of commands, executable with `cmd.exe`, will set this up:

    set OSGEO4W_ROOT=C:\OSGeo4W
    set PYTHON_ROOT=C:\Python3X
    set GDAL_DATA=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\gdal
    set PROJ_LIB=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\share\proj
    set PATH=%PATH%;%PYTHON_ROOT%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\bin
    reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PATH%"
    reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v GDAL_DATA /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%GDAL_DATA%"
    reg ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PROJ_LIB /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PROJ_LIB%"

Catatan

Administrator privileges are required to execute these commands. To do this, create a `bat` script with the commands, right-click it, and select Run as administrator. You need to log out and log back in again for the settings to take effect.

Catatan

If you customized the Python or OSGeo4W installation directories, then you will need to modify the `OSGEO4W_ROOT` and/or `PYTHON_ROOT` variables accordingly.

#### Pasang Django dan setel basisdata

Akhirnya, pasang Django di sistem anda.

Catatan kaki

[1] | GeoDjango menggunakan rutin `find_library()` dari `ctypes.util` untuk menempatkan pustaka dibagi.

[2] | Pemasang Windows``psycopg2`` dipanketkan dan dirawat oleh Jason Erickson.