# dokumentasi Django 2.2.9.dev20191202104323

# Bidang formulir

class `Field`(**kwargs)

When you create a `Form` class, the most important part is defining the fields of the form. Each field has custom validation logic, along with a few other hooks.

`Field.``clean`(value)

Although the primary way you'll use `Field` classes is in `Form` classes, you can also instantiate them and use them directly to get a better idea of how they work. Each `Field` instance has a `clean()` method, which takes a single argument and either raises a `django.forms.ValidationError` exception or returns the clean value:

    >>> from django import forms
    >>> f = forms.EmailField()
    >>> f.clean('foo@example.com')
    'foo@example.com'
    >>> f.clean('invalid email address')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ValidationError: ['Enter a valid email address.']

## Argumen bidang inti

Each `Field` class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some `Field` classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following should always be accepted:

### `required`

`Field.``required`

By default, each `Field` class assumes the value is required, so if you pass an empty value -- either `None` or the empty string (`""`) -- then `clean()` will raise a `ValidationError` exception:

    >>> from django import forms
    >>> f = forms.CharField()
    >>> f.clean('foo')
    'foo'
    >>> f.clean('')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
    >>> f.clean(None)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
    >>> f.clean(' ')
    ' '
    >>> f.clean(0)
    '0'
    >>> f.clean(True)
    'True'
    >>> f.clean(False)
    'False'

Untuk menentukan bahwa bidang adalah tidak diwajibkan, lewatkan `required=False` ke pembangun `Field`:

    >>> f = forms.CharField(required=False)
    >>> f.clean('foo')
    'foo'
    >>> f.clean('')
    ''
    >>> f.clean(None)
    ''
    >>> f.clean(0)
    '0'
    >>> f.clean(True)
    'True'
    >>> f.clean(False)
    'False'

If a `Field` has `required=False` and you pass `clean()` an empty value, then `clean()` will return a normalized empty value rather than raising `ValidationError`. For `CharField`, this will be an empty string. For other `Field` classes, it might be `None`. (This varies from field to field.)

Widgets of required form fields have the `required` HTML attribute. Set the `Form.use_required_attribute` attribute to `False` to disable it. The `required` attribute isn't included on forms of formsets because the browser validation may not be correct when adding and deleting formsets.

### `label`

`Field.``label`

Argumen `label` membuat anda menentukan label "human-friendly" untuk bidang ini. Ini digunakan ketika `Field` ditampilkan dalam sebuah `Form`.

As explained in "Outputting forms as HTML" above, the default label for a `Field` is generated from the field name by converting all underscores to spaces and upper-casing the first letter. Specify `label` if that default behavior doesn't result in an adequate label.

Ini adalah contoh lengkap `Form` yang menerapkan `label` untuk dua dari bidangnya. Kami telah menentukan `auto_id=False` untuk menyederhanakan keluaran:

    >>> from django import forms
    >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
    ...     name = forms.CharField(label='Your name')
    ...     url = forms.URLField(label='Your website', required=False)
    ...     comment = forms.CharField()
    >>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
    >>> print(f)
    <tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Your website:</th><td><input type="url" name="url"></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>

### `label_suffix`

`Field.``label_suffix`

Argumen `label_suffix` membuat anda menimpa `label_suffix` formulir pada dasar per-bidang:

    >>> class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    ...     age = forms.IntegerField()
    ...     nationality = forms.CharField()
    ...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label='2 + 2', label_suffix=' =')
    >>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix='?')
    >>> print(f.as_p())
    <p><label for="id_age">Age?</label> <input id="id_age" name="age" type="number" required></p>
    <p><label for="id_nationality">Nationality?</label> <input id="id_nationality" name="nationality" type="text" required></p>
    <p><label for="id_captcha_answer">2 + 2 =</label> <input id="id_captcha_answer" name="captcha_answer" type="number" required></p>

### `initial`

`Field.``initial`

The `initial` argument lets you specify the initial value to use when rendering this `Field` in an unbound `Form`.

Untuk menentukan data awal dinamis, lihat parameter `Form.initial`.

The use-case for this is when you want to display an "empty" form in which a field is initialized to a particular value. For example:

    >>> from django import forms
    >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
    ...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
    ...     comment = forms.CharField()
    >>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
    >>> print(f)
    <tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>

You may be thinking, why not just pass a dictionary of the initial values as data when displaying the form? Well, if you do that, you'll trigger validation, and the HTML output will include any validation errors:

    >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
    ...     name = forms.CharField()
    ...     url = forms.URLField()
    ...     comment = forms.CharField()
    >>> default_data = {'name': 'Your name', 'url': 'http://'}
    >>> f = CommentForm(default_data, auto_id=False)
    >>> print(f)
    <tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Url:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid URL.</li></ul><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Comment:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>

This is why `initial` values are only displayed for unbound forms. For bound forms, the HTML output will use the bound data.

Also note that `initial` values are not used as "fallback" data in validation if a particular field's value is not given. `initial` values are only intended for initial form display:

    >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
    ...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
    ...     comment = forms.CharField()
    >>> data = {'name': '', 'url': '', 'comment': 'Foo'}
    >>> f = CommentForm(data)
    >>> f.is_valid()
    False
    # The form does *not* fall back to using the initial values.
    >>> f.errors
    {'url': ['This field is required.'], 'name': ['This field is required.']}

Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:

    >>> import datetime
    >>> class DateForm(forms.Form):
    ...     day = forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
    >>> print(DateForm())
    <tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" required><td></tr>

The callable will be evaluated only when the unbound form is displayed, not when it is defined.

### `widget`

`Field.``widget`

The `widget` argument lets you specify a `Widget` class to use when rendering this `Field`. See Widget for more information.

### `help_text`

`Field.``help_text`

Argumen `help_text` membiarkan anda menentukan gambaran teks untuk `Field` ini. Jika anda menyediakan `help_text`, itu akan ditampilkan dekat `Field` ketika `Field` dibangun oleh satu dari metode `Form` yang nyaman (misalnya, `as_ul()`).

Like the model field's `help_text`, this value isn't HTML-escaped in automatically-generated forms.

Here's a full example `Form` that implements `help_text` for two of its fields. We've specified `auto_id=False` to simplify the output:

    >>> from django import forms
    >>> class HelpTextContactForm(forms.Form):
    ...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='100 characters max.')
    ...     message = forms.CharField()
    ...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text='A valid email address, please.')
    ...     cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
    >>> f = HelpTextContactForm(auto_id=False)
    >>> print(f.as_table())
    <tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required><br><span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" required></td></tr>
    <tr><th>Sender:</th><td><input type="email" name="sender" required><br>A valid email address, please.</td></tr>
    <tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></td></tr>
    >>> print(f.as_ul()))
    <li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></li>
    <li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></li>
    <li>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required> A valid email address, please.</li>
    <li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></li>
    >>> print(f.as_p())
    <p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></p>
    <p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></p>
    <p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required> A valid email address, please.</p>
    <p>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></p>

### `error_messages`

`Field.``error_messages`

The `error_messages` argument lets you override the default messages that the field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you want to override. For example, here is the default error message:

    >>> from django import forms
    >>> generic = forms.CharField()
    >>> generic.clean('')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    ValidationError: ['This field is required.']

Dan ini adalah pesan kesalahan penyesuaian:

    >>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please enter your name'})
    >>> name.clean('')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    ValidationError: ['Please enter your name']

Dalam bagian built-in Field classes dibawah ini, setiap `Field` menentukan kunci-kunci pesan kesalahan itu gunakan.

### `validators`

`Field.``validators`

Argumen `validators` membiarkan anda menyediakan daftar dari fungsi pengecekan untuk bidang ini.

Lihat validators documentation untuk informasi lebih.

### `localize`

`Field.``localize`

Argumen `localize` mengadakan lokalisasi dari formulir masukan data, sama halnyakeluaran dibangun.

Lihat dokuemntasi format localization untuk informasi lebih.

### `disabled`

`Field.``disabled`

The `disabled` boolean argument, when set to `True`, disables a form field using the `disabled` HTML attribute so that it won't be editable by users. Even if a user tampers with the field's value submitted to the server, it will be ignored in favor of the value from the form's initial data.

## Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubah

### `has_changed()`

`Field.``has_changed`()

The `has_changed()` method is used to determine if the field value has changed from the initial value. Returns `True` or `False`.

Lihat dokumentasi `Form.has_changed()` untuk informasi lebih.

## KelaS-kelas `Field` siap-pakai

Naturally, the `forms` library comes with a set of `Field` classes that represent common validation needs. This section documents each built-in field.

For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify `widget`. We also specify the value returned when you provide an empty value (see the section on `required` above to understand what that means).

### `BooleanField`

class `BooleanField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `CheckboxInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `False`
  - Dinormalkan pada: Nilai Python `True` atau `False`.
  - Mensahkan bahwa nilai adalah `True` (misalnya kotak centang dicentang) jika bidang mempunyai `required=True`.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`

  Catatan

  Since all `Field` subclasses have `required=True` by default, the validation condition here is important. If you want to include a boolean in your form that can be either `True` or `False` (e.g. a checked or unchecked checkbox), you must remember to pass in `required=False` when creating the `BooleanField`.

### `CharField`

class `CharField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai `empty_value`.
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Menggunakan `MaxLengthValidator` dan `MinLengthValidator` jika `max_length` dan `min_length` disediakan. Sebaliknya, semua masukan adalah sah.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `max_length`, `min_length`

  Mempunyai tiga argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

  `max_length`
  `min_length`

  If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the given length.

  `strip`

    Jika `True` (awalan), nilai akan dilucuti dari terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong.

  `empty_value`

    NIlai digunakan untuk mewakilkan "empty". Awalan pada string kosong.

### `ChoiceField`

class `ChoiceField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awalan: `Select`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Mensahkan yaitu nilai yang diberikan ada dalam daftar pilihan.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid_choice`

  The `invalid_choice` error message may contain `%(value)s`, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

  Mengambil satu argumen tambahan:

  `choices`

    Either an iterable of 2-tuples to use as choices for this field, or a callable that returns such an iterable. This argument accepts the same formats as the `choices` argument to a model field. See the model field reference documentation on choices for more details. If the argument is a callable, it is evaluated each time the field's form is initialized. Defaults to an empty list.

### `TypedChoiceField`

class `TypedChoiceField`(**kwargs)

  Just like a `ChoiceField`, except `TypedChoiceField` takes two extra arguments, `coerce` and `empty_value`.

  - Widget awalan: `Select`
  - Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai `empty_value`.
  - Normalizes to: A value of the type provided by the `coerce` argument.
  - Mensahkan yang nilai diberikan yang ada dalam daftar pilihan dan dapat dipaksakan.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid_choice`

  Mengambil argumen tambahan:

  `coerce`

    A function that takes one argument and returns a coerced value. Examples include the built-in `int`, `float`, `bool` and other types. Defaults to an identity function. Note that coercion happens after input validation, so it is possible to coerce to a value not present in `choices`.

  `empty_value`

    The value to use to represent "empty." Defaults to the empty string; `None` is another common choice here. Note that this value will not be coerced by the function given in the `coerce` argument, so choose it accordingly.

### `DateField`

class `DateField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `DateInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek `datetime.date` Python.
  - Validates that the given value is either a `datetime.date`, `datetime.datetime` or string formatted in a particular date format.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

  `input_formats`

    Sebuah daftar dari bentuk untuk berusaha merubah sebuah string menjadi obyek `datetime.date` sah.

  Jika tidak ada argumen `input_formats` disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

      ['%Y-%m-%d',      # '2006-10-25'
       '%m/%d/%Y',      # '10/25/2006'
       '%m/%d/%y']      # '10/25/06'

  Additionally, if you specify `USE_L10N=False` in your settings, the following will also be included in the default input formats:

      ['%b %d %Y',      # 'Oct 25 2006'
       '%b %d, %Y',     # 'Oct 25, 2006'
       '%d %b %Y',      # '25 Oct 2006'
       '%d %b, %Y',     # '25 Oct, 2006'
       '%B %d %Y',      # 'October 25 2006'
       '%B %d, %Y',     # 'October 25, 2006'
       '%d %B %Y',      # '25 October 2006'
       '%d %B, %Y']     # '25 October, 2006'

  Lihat juga format localization.

### `DateTimeField`

class `DateTimeField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `DateTimeInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek `datetime.datetime` Python.
  - Validates that the given value is either a `datetime.datetime`, `datetime.date` or string formatted in a particular datetime format.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

  `input_formats`

    A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid `datetime.datetime` object.

  Jika tidak ada argumen `input_formats` disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

      ['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',    # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'
       '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',       # '2006-10-25 14:30'
       '%Y-%m-%d',             # '2006-10-25'
       '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/2006 14:30:59'
       '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',       # '10/25/2006 14:30'
       '%m/%d/%Y',             # '10/25/2006'
       '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/06 14:30:59'
       '%m/%d/%y %H:%M',       # '10/25/06 14:30'
       '%m/%d/%y']             # '10/25/06'

  Lihat juga format localization.

### `DecimalField`

class `DecimalField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awalan: `NumberInput` ketika `Field.localize` adalah `False`, selain itu `TextInput`.
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah `decimal` Python.
  - Validates that the given value is a decimal. Uses `MaxValueValidator` and `MinValueValidator` if `max_value` and `min_value` are provided. Leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `max_value`, `min_value`, `max_digits`, `max_decimal_places`, `max_whole_digits`

  The `max_value` and `min_value` error messages may contain `%(limit_value)s`, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit. Similarly, the `max_digits`, `max_decimal_places` and `max_whole_digits` error messages may contain `%(max)s`.

  Mengambil empat argumen pilihan:

  `max_value`
  `min_value`

    Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan dalam bidang, dan harus diberikan sebagai nilai `decimal.Decimal`.

  `max_digits`

    The maximum number of digits (those before the decimal point plus those after the decimal point, with leading zeros stripped) permitted in the value.

  `decimal_places`

    Angka maksimal dari tempat desimal yang diizinkan.

### `DurationField`

class `DurationField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah `timedelta` Python.
  - Validates that the given value is a string which can be converted into a `timedelta`. The value must be between `datetime.timedelta.min` and `datetime.timedelta.max`.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `overflow`.

  Menerima bentuk apapun yang dipahami oleh `parse_duration()`.

### `EmailField`

class `EmailField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `EmailInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Uses `EmailValidator` to validate that the given value is a valid email address, using a moderately complex regular expression.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Has two optional arguments for validation, `max_length` and `min_length`. If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the given length.

### `FileField`

class `FileField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `ClearableFileInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalizes to: An `UploadedFile` object that wraps the file content and file name into a single object.
  - Can validate that non-empty file data has been bound to the form.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `missing`, `empty`, `max_length`

  Has two optional arguments for validation, `max_length` and `allow_empty_file`. If provided, these ensure that the file name is at most the given length, and that validation will succeed even if the file content is empty.

  Untuk belajar mengenai obyek `UploadedFile`, lihat file uploads documentation.

  When you use a `FileField` in a form, you must also remember to bind the file data to the form.

  The `max_length` error refers to the length of the filename. In the error message for that key, `%(max)d` will be replaced with the maximum filename length and `%(length)d` will be replaced with the current filename length.

### `FilePathField`

class `FilePathField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awalan: `Select`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Sahkan pilihan terpilih yang ada dalam daftar pilihan.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid_choice`

  The field allows choosing from files inside a certain directory. It takes five extra arguments; only `path` is required:

  `path`

    Jalur mutlak ke pelipat yang isinya anda ingin daftarkan. Pelipat harus ada.

  `recursive`

    If `False` (the default) only the direct contents of `path` will be offered as choices. If `True`, the directory will be descended into recursively and all descendants will be listed as choices.

  `match`

    A regular expression pattern; only files with names matching this expression will be allowed as choices.

  `allow_files`

    Optional. Either `True` or `False`. Default is `True`. Specifies whether files in the specified location should be included. Either this or `allow_folders` must be `True`.

  `allow_folders`

    Optional. Either `True` or `False`. Default is `False`. Specifies whether folders in the specified location should be included. Either this or `allow_files` must be `True`.

### `FloatField`

class `FloatField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awalan: `NumberInput` ketika `Field.localize` adalah `False`, selain itu `TextInput`.
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah float Python.
  - Validates that the given value is a float. Uses `MaxValueValidator` and `MinValueValidator` if `max_value` and `min_value` are provided. Leading and trailing whitespace is allowed, as in Python's `float()` function.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `max_value`, `min_value`

  Takes two optional arguments for validation, `max_value` and `min_value`. These control the range of values permitted in the field.

### `ImageField`

class `ImageField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `ClearableFileInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalizes to: An `UploadedFile` object that wraps the file content and file name into a single object.
  - Validates that file data has been bound to the form. Also uses `FileExtensionValidator` to validate that the file extension is supported by Pillow.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `missing`, `empty`, `invalid_image`

  Using an `ImageField` requires that Pillow is installed with support for the image formats you use. If you encounter a `corrupt image` error when you upload an image, it usually means that Pillow doesn't understand its format. To fix this, install the appropriate library and reinstall Pillow.

  Ketika menggunakan `ImageField` pada formulir, anda harus juga mengingat untuk bind the file data to the form.

  After the field has been cleaned and validated, the `UploadedFile` object will have an additional `image` attribute containing the Pillow Image instance used to check if the file was a valid image. Pillow closes the underlying file descriptor after verifying an image, so whilst non-image data attributes, such as `format`, `height`, and `width`, are available, methods that access the underlying image data, such as `getdata()` or `getpixel()`, cannot be used without reopening the file. For example:

      >>> from PIL import Image
      >>> from django import forms
      >>> from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
      >>> class ImageForm(forms.Form):
      ...     img = forms.ImageField()
      >>> file_data = {'img': SimpleUploadedFile('test.png', <file data>)}
      >>> form = ImageForm({}, file_data)
      # Pillow closes the underlying file descriptor.
      >>> form.is_valid()
      True
      >>> image_field = form.cleaned_data['img']
      >>> image_field.image
      <PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=RGBA size=191x287 at 0x7F5985045C18>
      >>> image_field.image.width
      191
      >>> image_field.image.height
      287
      >>> image_field.image.format
      'PNG'
      >>> image_field.image.getdata()
      # Raises AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'seek'.
      >>> image = Image.open(image_field)
      >>> image.getdata()
      <ImagingCore object at 0x7f5984f874b0>

  Additionally, `UploadedFile.content_type` will be updated with the image's content type if Pillow can determine it, otherwise it will be set to `None`.

### `IntegerField`

class `IntegerField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awalan: `NumberInput` ketika `Field.localize` adalah `False`, selain itu `TextInput`.
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah integer Python.
  - mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah integer. Gunakan `MaxValueValidator` dan `MinValueValidator` jika `max_value` dan `min_value` disediakan. Awalan dan pengekangan ruang putih diijinkan, seeprti dalam fungsi `int()` Python.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `max_value`, `min_value`

  The `max_value` and `min_value` error messages may contain `%(limit_value)s`, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.

  Mengambil dua argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

  `max_value`
  `min_value`

  Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan di bidang.

### `GenericIPAddressField`

class `GenericIPAddressField`(**kwargs)

  Bidang mengandung antara alamat IPv4 atau IPv6.

  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Dinormalkan ke: String. Alamat IPv6 dinormalkan seperti digambarkan dibawah.
  - Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah alamat IP sah.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Normalisasi alamat IPv6 mengikuti RFC 4291#section-2.2 bagian 2.2, termasuk menggunakan bentuk IPv4 disarankan dalam paragraf 3 dari bagian itu, seperti `::ffff:192.0.2.0`. Sebagai contoh, `2001:0::0:01` akan dinormalkan menjadi `2001::1`, dan `::ffff:0a0a:0a0a` menjadi `::ffff:10.10.10.10`. Semau karakter dirubah menjadi huruf kecil.

  Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

  `protocol`

    Membatasi masukan sah pada protokol tertentu. Nilai-nilai diterima adalah `both` (default), `IPv4` atau `IPv6`. Cocok adalah kasus tidak peka.

  `unpack_ipv4`

    Unpacks IPv4 mapped addresses like `::ffff:192.0.2.1`. If this option is enabled that address would be unpacked to `192.0.2.1`. Default is disabled. Can only be used when `protocol` is set to `'both'`.

### `MultipleChoiceField`

class `MultipleChoiceField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `SelectMultiple`
  - Nilai kosong: `[]` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah list dari string.
  - Mensahkan bahwa nilai di daftar yang diberikan dari nilai yang ada di daftar pilihan.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `invalid_list`

  The `invalid_choice` error message may contain `%(value)s`, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

  Mengambil satu tambahan argumen wajib, `choices`, tentang `ChoiceField`.

### `TypedMultipleChoiceField`

class `TypedMultipleChoiceField`(**kwargs)

  Sama seperti `MultipleChoiceField`, kecuali `TypedMultipleChoiceField` mengambil dua argumen tambahan, `coerce` dan `empty_value`.

  - Widget awal: `SelectMultiple`
  - Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai `empty_value`.
  - Normalizes to: A list of values of the type provided by the `coerce` argument.
  - Validates that the given values exists in the list of choices and can be coerced.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid_choice`

  The `invalid_choice` error message may contain `%(value)s`, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

  Takes two extra arguments, `coerce` and `empty_value`, as for `TypedChoiceField`.

### `NullBooleanField`

class `NullBooleanField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: :class:``TypedMultipleChoiceField``
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalizes to: A Python `True`, `False` or `None` value.
  - Validates nothing (i.e., it never raises a `ValidationError`).

### `RegexField`

class `RegexField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Uses `RegexValidator` to validate that the given value matches a certain regular expression.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Mengambil satu argumen diwajibkan:

  `regex`

    A regular expression specified either as a string or a compiled regular expression object.

  Also takes `max_length`, `min_length`, and `strip`, which work just as they do for `CharField`.

  `strip`

    Defaults to `False`. If enabled, stripping will be applied before the regex validation.

### `SlugField`

class `SlugField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Menggunakan `validate_slug` atau `validate_unicode_slug` untuk mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan mengandung hanya huruf, angka, garis bawah dan penghubung.
  - Pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`.

  Bidang ini dimaksudkan untuk digunakan dalam mewakilkan model `SlugField` di formulir.

  Mengambil sebuah parameter pilihan:

  `allow_unicode`

    A boolean instructing the field to accept Unicode letters in addition to ASCII letters. Defaults to `False`.

### `TimeField`

class `TimeField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TimeInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek `datetime.time` Python.
  - Validates that the given value is either a `datetime.time` or string formatted in a particular time format.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

  `input_formats`

    A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid `datetime.time` object.

  Jika tidak ada argumen `input_formats` disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

      '%H:%M:%S',     # '14:30:59'
      '%H:%M',        # '14:30'

### `URLField`

class `URLField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `URLInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Uses `URLValidator` to validate that the given value is a valid URL.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Mengambil argumen pilihan berikut:

  `max_length`
  `min_length`

  Ini adalah sama seperti `CharField.max_length` dan `CharField.min_length`.

### `UUIDField`

class `UUIDField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek class:~python:uuid.UUID.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  This field will accept any string format accepted as the `hex` argument to the `UUID` constructor.

## Slightly complex built-in `Field` classes

### `ComboField`

class `ComboField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
  - Validates the given value against each of the fields specified as an argument to the `ComboField`.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`

  Mengambil satu argumen tambahan diwajibkan:

  `fields`

    The list of fields that should be used to validate the field's value (in the order in which they are provided).

        >>> from django.forms import ComboField
        >>> f = ComboField(fields=[CharField(max_length=20), EmailField()])
        >>> f.clean('test@example.com')
        'test@example.com'
        >>> f.clean('longemailaddress@example.com')
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValidationError: ['Ensure this value has at most 20 characters (it has 28).']

### `MultiValueField`

class `MultiValueField`(fields=(), **kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `TextInput`
  - Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
  - Normalizes to: the type returned by the `compress` method of the subclass.
  - Validates the given value against each of the fields specified as an argument to the `MultiValueField`.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `incomplete`

  Aggregates the logic of multiple fields that together produce a single value.

  This field is abstract and must be subclassed. In contrast with the single-value fields, subclasses of `MultiValueField` must not implement `clean()` but instead - implement `compress()`.

  Mengambil satu argumen tambahan diwajibkan:

  `fields`

    A tuple of fields whose values are cleaned and subsequently combined into a single value. Each value of the field is cleaned by the corresponding field in `fields` -- the first value is cleaned by the first field, the second value is cleaned by the second field, etc. Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is combined into a single value by `compress()`.

  Juga ambil beberapa argumen pilihan:

  `require_all_fields`

    Defaults to `True`, in which case a `required` validation error will be raised if no value is supplied for any field.

    When set to `False`, the `Field.required` attribute can be set to `False` for individual fields to make them optional. If no value is supplied for a required field, an `incomplete` validation error will be raised.

    A default `incomplete` error message can be defined on the `MultiValueField` subclass, or different messages can be defined on each individual field. For example:

        from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

        class PhoneField(MultiValueField):
            def __init__(self, **kwargs):
                # Define one message for all fields.
                error_messages = {
                    'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
                }
                # Or define a different message for each field.
                fields = (
                    CharField(
                        error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
                        validators=[
                            RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
                        ],
                    ),
                    CharField(
                        error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
                        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
                    ),
                    CharField(
                        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
                        required=False,
                    ),
                )
                super().__init__(
                    error_messages=error_messages, fields=fields,
                    require_all_fields=False, **kwargs
                )

  `widget`

    Must be a subclass of `django.forms.MultiWidget`. Default value is `TextInput`, which probably is not very useful in this case.

  `compress`(data_list)

    Takes a list of valid values and returns a "compressed" version of those values -- in a single value. For example, `SplitDateTimeField` is a subclass which combines a time field and a date field into a `datetime` object.

    Cara ini harus diterapkan di subkelas.

### `SplitDateTimeField`

class `SplitDateTimeField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `SplitDateTimeWidget`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek `datetime.datetime` Python.
  - Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah berbentuk `datetime.datetime` atau string dalam bentuk datetime khusus.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `invalid_date`, `invalid_time`

  Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

  `input_date_formats`

    Sebuah daftar dari bentuk untuk berusaha merubah sebuah string menjadi obyek `datetime.date` sah.

  If no `input_date_formats` argument is provided, the default input formats for `DateField` are used.

  `input_time_formats`

    A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid `datetime.time` object.

  Jika tidak ada argumen `input_time_formats` disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan untuk `TimeField` adalah yang digunakan.

## Bidang-bidang yang menangani hubungan

Two fields are available for representing relationships between models: `ModelChoiceField` and `ModelMultipleChoiceField`. Both of these fields require a single `queryset` parameter that is used to create the choices for the field. Upon form validation, these fields will place either one model object (in the case of `ModelChoiceField`) or multiple model objects (in the case of `ModelMultipleChoiceField`) into the `cleaned_data` dictionary of the form.

Untuk penggunaan lebih rumit, anda dapat menentukan `queryset=None` ketika menyatakan bidang formulir dan kemudian mengumpulkan `queryset` dalam metode `__init__()` formulir:

    class FooMultipleChoiceForm(forms.Form):
        foo_select = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=None)

        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            self.fields['foo_select'].queryset = ...

### `ModelChoiceField`

class `ModelChoiceField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awalan: `Select`
  - Nilai kosong: `None`
  - Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah instance model.
  - Mensahkan dimana id diberikan ada dalam queryset.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid_choice`

  Mengizinkan pemilihan dari obyek model tunggal, cocok untuk mewakili sebuah foreign-key. Catat bahwa widget awalan untuk `ModelChoiceField` menjadi tidak praktis ketika angka dari masukan meningkat. Anda harus menghindari menggunakan itu untuk lebih dari 100 barang.

  Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

  `queryset`

    Sebuah `QuerySet` obyek model dimana pilihan untuk bidang adalah diturunkan dan dimana digunakan untuk mensahkan pemilihan pengguna. Itu dinilai ketika formulir dibangun.

  `ModelChoiceField` juga mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

  `empty_label`

    By default the `<select>` widget used by `ModelChoiceField` will have an empty choice at the top of the list. You can change the text of this label (which is `"---------"` by default) with the `empty_label` attribute, or you can disable the empty label entirely by setting `empty_label` to `None`:

        # A custom empty label
        field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label="(Nothing)")

        # No empty label
        field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label=None)

    Catat bahwa jika sebuah `ModelChoiceField` diwajibkan dan mempunyai nilai awal awalan, tidak ada pilihan kosong dibuat (meskipun dari nilai dari `empty_label`).

  `to_field_name`

    This optional argument is used to specify the field to use as the value of the choices in the field's widget. Be sure it's a unique field for the model, otherwise the selected value could match more than one object. By default it is set to `None`, in which case the primary key of each object will be used. For example:

        # No custom to_field_name
        field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=...)

    akan menghasilkan:

        <select id="id_field1" name="field1">
        <option value="obj1.pk">Object1</option>
        <option value="obj2.pk">Object2</option>
        ...
        </select>

    dan:

        # to_field_name provided
        field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., to_field_name="name")

    akan menghasilkan:

        <select id="id_field2" name="field2">
        <option value="obj1.name">Object1</option>
        <option value="obj2.name">Object2</option>
        ...
        </select>

  The `__str__()` method of the model will be called to generate string representations of the objects for use in the field's choices. To provide customized representations, subclass `ModelChoiceField` and override `label_from_instance`. This method will receive a model object and should return a string suitable for representing it. For example:

      from django.forms import ModelChoiceField

      class MyModelChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):
          def label_from_instance(self, obj):
              return "My Object #%i" % obj.id

### `ModelMultipleChoiceField`

class `ModelMultipleChoiceField`(**kwargs)
  - Widget awal: `SelectMultiple`
  - Nilai kosong: Sebuah (self.queryset.none()) `QuerySet`
  - Normalizes to: A `QuerySet` of model instances.
  - Mensahkan bahwa setiap id dalam daftar yang diberikan dari nilai ada dalam queryset.
  - Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `list`, `invalid_choice`, `invalid_pk_value`

  Pesan `invalid_choice` mungkin mengandung `%(value)s` dan pesan `invalid_pk_value` mungkin mengandung `%(pk)s`, yang akan diganti oleh nilai-nilai sesuai.

  Mengizinkan pemilihan satu atau lebih obyek model, cocok untuk mewakili hubungan many-to-many. Seperti dengan `ModelChoiceField`, anda dapat menggunakan `label_from_instance` untuk menyesuaikan perwakilan obyek.

  Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

  `queryset`

    Sama seperti `ModelChoiceField.queryset`.

  Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

  `to_field_name`

    Sama seperti `ModelChoiceField.to_field_name`.

## Membuat bidang penyesuaian

Jika kelas-kelas `Field` siap-pakai tidak memenuhi kebutuhan anda, anda dapat dengan mudah membuat kelas-kelas `Field` penyesuaian. Untuk melakukan ini, cukup buat sebuah subkelas dari `django.forms.Field`. Persyaratannya hanya bahwa itu menerapkan metode `clean()` dan dimana metode `__init__()` nya menerima argumen-argumen inti disebutkan diatas (`required`, `label`, `initial`, `widget`, `help_text`).

Anda dapat juga menyesuaikan bagaimana bidang akan diakses dengan menimpa `get_bound_field()`.