# documentação Django 4.0.8.dev20220803071047

# Código fonte para django.db.transaction

    from contextlib import ContextDecorator, contextmanager

    from django.db import (
        DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS,
        DatabaseError,
        Error,
        ProgrammingError,
        connections,
    )

    class TransactionManagementError(ProgrammingError):
        """Transaction management is used improperly."""

        pass

    def get_connection(using=None):
        """
        Get a database connection by name, or the default database connection
        if no name is provided. This is a private API.
        """
        if using is None:
            using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
        return connections[using]

    def get_autocommit(using=None):
        """Get the autocommit status of the connection."""
        return get_connection(using).get_autocommit()

    def set_autocommit(autocommit, using=None):
        """Set the autocommit status of the connection."""
        return get_connection(using).set_autocommit(autocommit)

    def commit(using=None):
        """Commit a transaction."""
        get_connection(using).commit()

    def rollback(using=None):
        """Roll back a transaction."""
        get_connection(using).rollback()

    def savepoint(using=None):
        """
        Create a savepoint (if supported and required by the backend) inside the
        current transaction. Return an identifier for the savepoint that will be
        used for the subsequent rollback or commit.
        """
        return get_connection(using).savepoint()

    def savepoint_rollback(sid, using=None):
        """
        Roll back the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Do nothing if
        savepoints are not supported.
        """
        get_connection(using).savepoint_rollback(sid)

    def savepoint_commit(sid, using=None):
        """
        Commit the most recent savepoint (if one exists). Do nothing if
        savepoints are not supported.
        """
        get_connection(using).savepoint_commit(sid)

    def clean_savepoints(using=None):
        """
        Reset the counter used to generate unique savepoint ids in this thread.
        """
        get_connection(using).clean_savepoints()

    def get_rollback(using=None):
        """Get the "needs rollback" flag -- for *advanced use* only."""
        return get_connection(using).get_rollback()

    def set_rollback(rollback, using=None):
        """
        Set or unset the "needs rollback" flag -- for *advanced use* only.

        When `rollback` is `True`, trigger a rollback when exiting the innermost
        enclosing atomic block that has `savepoint=True` (that's the default). Use
        this to force a rollback without raising an exception.

        When `rollback` is `False`, prevent such a rollback. Use this only after
        rolling back to a known-good state! Otherwise, you break the atomic block
        and data corruption may occur.
        """
        return get_connection(using).set_rollback(rollback)

    @contextmanager
    def mark_for_rollback_on_error(using=None):
        """
        Internal low-level utility to mark a transaction as "needs rollback" when
        an exception is raised while not enforcing the enclosed block to be in a
        transaction. This is needed by Model.save() and friends to avoid starting a
        transaction when in autocommit mode and a single query is executed.

        It's equivalent to:

            connection = get_connection(using)
            if connection.get_autocommit():
                yield
            else:
                with transaction.atomic(using=using, savepoint=False):
                    yield

        but it uses low-level utilities to avoid performance overhead.
        """
        try:
            yield
        except Exception:
            connection = get_connection(using)
            if connection.in_atomic_block:
                connection.needs_rollback = True
            raise

    def on_commit(func, using=None):
        """
        Register `func` to be called when the current transaction is committed.
        If the current transaction is rolled back, `func` will not be called.
        """
        get_connection(using).on_commit(func)

    #################################
    # Decorators / context managers #
    #################################

    class Atomic(ContextDecorator):
        """
        Guarantee the atomic execution of a given block.

        An instance can be used either as a decorator or as a context manager.

        When it's used as a decorator, __call__ wraps the execution of the
        decorated function in the instance itself, used as a context manager.

        When it's used as a context manager, __enter__ creates a transaction or a
        savepoint, depending on whether a transaction is already in progress, and
        __exit__ commits the transaction or releases the savepoint on normal exit,
        and rolls back the transaction or to the savepoint on exceptions.

        It's possible to disable the creation of savepoints if the goal is to
        ensure that some code runs within a transaction without creating overhead.

        A stack of savepoints identifiers is maintained as an attribute of the
        connection. None denotes the absence of a savepoint.

        This allows reentrancy even if the same AtomicWrapper is reused. For
        example, it's possible to define `oa = atomic('other')` and use `@oa` or
        `with oa:` multiple times.

        Since database connections are thread-local, this is thread-safe.

        An atomic block can be tagged as durable. In this case, raise a
        RuntimeError if it's nested within another atomic block. This guarantees
        that database changes in a durable block are committed to the database when
        the block exists without error.

        This is a private API.
        """

        # This private flag is provided only to disable the durability checks in
        # TestCase.
        _ensure_durability = True

        def __init__(self, using, savepoint, durable):
            self.using = using
            self.savepoint = savepoint
            self.durable = durable

        def __enter__(self):
            connection = get_connection(self.using)

            if self.durable and self._ensure_durability and connection.in_atomic_block:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "A durable atomic block cannot be nested within another "
                    "atomic block."
                )
            if not connection.in_atomic_block:
                # Reset state when entering an outermost atomic block.
                connection.commit_on_exit = True
                connection.needs_rollback = False
                if not connection.get_autocommit():
                    # Pretend we're already in an atomic block to bypass the code
                    # that disables autocommit to enter a transaction, and make a
                    # note to deal with this case in __exit__.
                    connection.in_atomic_block = True
                    connection.commit_on_exit = False

            if connection.in_atomic_block:
                # We're already in a transaction; create a savepoint, unless we
                # were told not to or we're already waiting for a rollback. The
                # second condition avoids creating useless savepoints and prevents
                # overwriting needs_rollback until the rollback is performed.
                if self.savepoint and not connection.needs_rollback:
                    sid = connection.savepoint()
                    connection.savepoint_ids.append(sid)
                else:
                    connection.savepoint_ids.append(None)
            else:
                connection.set_autocommit(
                    False, force_begin_transaction_with_broken_autocommit=True
                )
                connection.in_atomic_block = True

        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
            connection = get_connection(self.using)

            if connection.savepoint_ids:
                sid = connection.savepoint_ids.pop()
            else:
                # Prematurely unset this flag to allow using commit or rollback.
                connection.in_atomic_block = False

            try:
                if connection.closed_in_transaction:
                    # The database will perform a rollback by itself.
                    # Wait until we exit the outermost block.
                    pass

                elif exc_type is None and not connection.needs_rollback:
                    if connection.in_atomic_block:
                        # Release savepoint if there is one
                        if sid is not None:
                            try:
                                connection.savepoint_commit(sid)
                            except DatabaseError:
                                try:
                                    connection.savepoint_rollback(sid)
                                    # The savepoint won't be reused. Release it to
                                    # minimize overhead for the database server.
                                    connection.savepoint_commit(sid)
                                except Error:
                                    # If rolling back to a savepoint fails, mark for
                                    # rollback at a higher level and avoid shadowing
                                    # the original exception.
                                    connection.needs_rollback = True
                                raise
                    else:
                        # Commit transaction
                        try:
                            connection.commit()
                        except DatabaseError:
                            try:
                                connection.rollback()
                            except Error:
                                # An error during rollback means that something
                                # went wrong with the connection. Drop it.
                                connection.close()
                            raise
                else:
                    # This flag will be set to True again if there isn't a savepoint
                    # allowing to perform the rollback at this level.
                    connection.needs_rollback = False
                    if connection.in_atomic_block:
                        # Roll back to savepoint if there is one, mark for rollback
                        # otherwise.
                        if sid is None:
                            connection.needs_rollback = True
                        else:
                            try:
                                connection.savepoint_rollback(sid)
                                # The savepoint won't be reused. Release it to
                                # minimize overhead for the database server.
                                connection.savepoint_commit(sid)
                            except Error:
                                # If rolling back to a savepoint fails, mark for
                                # rollback at a higher level and avoid shadowing
                                # the original exception.
                                connection.needs_rollback = True
                    else:
                        # Roll back transaction
                        try:
                            connection.rollback()
                        except Error:
                            # An error during rollback means that something
                            # went wrong with the connection. Drop it.
                            connection.close()

            finally:
                # Outermost block exit when autocommit was enabled.
                if not connection.in_atomic_block:
                    if connection.closed_in_transaction:
                        connection.connection = None
                    else:
                        connection.set_autocommit(True)
                # Outermost block exit when autocommit was disabled.
                elif not connection.savepoint_ids and not connection.commit_on_exit:
                    if connection.closed_in_transaction:
                        connection.connection = None
                    else:
                        connection.in_atomic_block = False

    def atomic(using=None, savepoint=True, durable=False):
        # Bare decorator: @atomic -- although the first argument is called
        # `using`, it's actually the function being decorated.
        if callable(using):
            return Atomic(DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, savepoint, durable)(using)
        # Decorator: @atomic(...) or context manager: with atomic(...): ...
        else:
            return Atomic(using, savepoint, durable)

    def _non_atomic_requests(view, using):
        try:
            view._non_atomic_requests.add(using)
        except AttributeError:
            view._non_atomic_requests = {using}
        return view

    def non_atomic_requests(using=None):
        if callable(using):
            return _non_atomic_requests(using, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)
        else:
            if using is None:
                using = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
            return lambda view: _non_atomic_requests(view, using)